The Role of Social Capital in Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods in Urban Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

This study examines the role of social capital in sustaining livelihoods among residents of slums in Kenya. The focus is on Kibera, the largest informal settlement in the country, characterized by rapid urbanization and various socio-economic challenges. Understanding social dynamics in slums is essential, as 75% of Kenya's urban growth occurs in informal settlements, and 60% of Nairobi's population lives in slums. The study analyzed different forms of social capital available to slum residents, explored its contribution to sustainable livelihoods, identified socio-cultural barriers to its development, and examined coping strategies employed by residents. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 100 households through structured interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Findings showed that 90% of respondents participated in social groups that provided financial support, social networks, and vocational training. However, economic disparities, lack of trust, and high unemployment rates posed significant challenges to the effectiveness of these groups. The study underscores the importance of social capital in managing socio-economic pressures in urban settings, fostering community resilience and cohesion. Without access to these networks, households face substantial difficulties and often resort to negative coping mechanisms. This research emphasizes the need to enhance social capital as a pathway toward sustainable livelihoods in urban informal settlements.