The Changing Nature of Land Conflict in Laikipia County, Kenya (2003-2021)

Abstract

Land conflicts in Laikipia County, Kenya, were for a long time attributed to competition over grazing fields and restocking of animals after a drought period. However, the changing dynamics of land conflict have taken a new dimension, spreading into non-traditional conflict areas. The objective of the paper was to analyse the causes of the changing nature of land conflict in Laikipia County. Primary data was collected using Key informant interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data was collected using documentary analysis. The Key informants and participants of the focus group discussions were selected from both Segera and Ilopoliei Locations. Sand harvesting within group ranches, pastoralist beliefs regarding livestock, environmental extremes, and the emergence of pastoral entrepreneurs, commercial cattle rustling, absentee landlords, and commercial land-buying companies have been blamed for the rising cases of conflicts after the promulgation of the 2021 constitution. Land conflicts during this period led to socio-economic consequences such as loss of life and destruction of properties. The study recommends an integrated approach to land conflict, incorporating elder-driven mechanisms and independent institutions such as the National Cohesion and Integration Commission, and judicial litigations and mediations.