Intersection Between Household Economics and Community Energy Needs: Case of Biogas Uptake in Kilifi County

Abstract

As the world strives to transition toward sustainable energy systems, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 emphasizes universal access to clean, reliable, and affordable energy sources. Biogas technology provides a viable solution by converting organic waste into renewable energy, thus promoting both environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. This aligns with the aspirations of SDG 12, which emphasizes responsible consumption and production through effective waste management. The study sought to assess the intersection between household economics and community energy needs. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design to collect data from a sample of 133 participants. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide. The findings reveal that 78% of respondents were aware of biodigester technology, while 72% had a positive perception of its effectiveness in energy provision and waste management, respectively. Approximately 65% of users reported operational biodigesters that produced sufficient biogas for daily cooking, with 70% confirming a reduction in dependence on firewood. Socially, 82% cited improved household health due to reduced smoke exposure, and 68% highlighted enhanced sanitation and odour control. Economically, 59% of respondents noted cost savings on fuel, while 43% earned a modest income from the sale of bio-slurry. The study found that 34% of households expressed confidence in their long-term financial sustainability, and this finding (χ² = 18.42, p < 0.05) confirmed a significant relationship between community awareness and technology adoption. The study recommends enhanced awareness and support for biogas use expansion among the residents owing to its socioeconomic value.